This is an integrated plumbing system that stores a reserve of municipal water in a tank and automatically switches to using this stored water when the main municipal supply is interrupted. It typically includes a storage tank, a pump, and a pressure or control switch that senses a drop in municipal pressure and activates the pump to supply water from the tank to your home.

The system is installed on your property’s main water line, usually between the municipal meter and your house. It operates on a simple principle:

• Filling the Tank: When municipal water is available, a float valve in the tank automatically refills it, much like a toilet tank.
• Normal Operation: Under normal circumstances, your home is supplied directly by the municipal water, bypassing the pump and tank.
• Automatic Switchover: The system’s control or pressure switch constantly monitors the pressure in the municipal line. When the pressure drops below a pre-set level (indicating a water cut), the switch automatically activates the pump.
• Backup Supply: The pump draws water from the storage tank and delivers it to your home’s plumbing at a consistent pressure, ensuring your taps, toilets, and appliances continue to function.
• Restoring Supply: When the municipal supply is restored and the pressure returns to normal, the system senses this and automatically reverts to using municipal water. The pump turns off, and the tank begins to refill.

Water Storage Tank: This is the heart of the system. Tanks are typically made of food-grade, UV-resistant plastic (like LLDPE) to prevent algae growth and chemical leaching. Sizing depends on household usage and the expected length of outages, with common sizes ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 liters.

• Water Pump: A booster pump is required to move the water from the tank to your home’s plumbing system. The pump must be correctly sized to provide adequate water pressure for all household needs (showers, washing machines, etc.). Pumps with built-in pressure controllers or variable-speed drives (VSD) are often used for efficient and quiet operation.
• Pressure or Control Switch: This electronic component is the “brain” of the system. It detects changes in the municipal water pressure and manages the automatic on/off operation of the pump.
• Filtration System: While municipal water is treated, a filtration system is highly recommended for a backup system. This can be a “whole-house” filter installed after the pump, or point-of-use filters at specific taps. Common filtration stages include:
• Sediment Filter: Removes larger particles like sand, rust, and silt.
• Activated Carbon Filter: Improves taste and odor by removing chlorine, organic compounds, and certain chemicals.
• UV Sterilizer (Optional but Recommended): Uses ultraviolet light to kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, providing an extra layer of safety, especially if water has been stored for an extended period.
• Plumbing Components: The system requires a network of pipes, valves (e.g., ball valves and non-return valves), and connectors to integrate seamlessly with your home’s existing plumbing. Non-return valves are crucial to prevent backflow into the municipal line.

While a DIY approach is possible, it is highly recommended to use a professional plumber or a specialized installer. These systems tie into your home’s main water supply, and an incorrect installation can lead to water damage, system failure, or even contamination of the public water supply. A professional installer ensures the system is correctly sized, plumbed, and complies with local regulations.

Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure the system is ready when you need it. This includes:
Tank Cleaning: Inspect and clean the inside of the tank every 6-12 months to remove any sediment buildup.

• Water Rotation: Even though municipal water is chlorinated, it’s a good practice to use and replenish the water in the tank every few weeks to prevent stagnation. Many control systems have an “idle pump protection” feature that runs the pump for a few minutes each week to keep components in working order.
• Filter Replacement: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for replacing filter cartridges. Sediment and carbon filters typically need to be changed every 3-6 months, depending on water quality and usage.
• UV bulbs also have a limited lifespan and need to be replaced periodically.
• System Check: Periodically test the system to ensure the automatic switchover and pump are working correctly.

The components are typically installed outdoors in a cool, shaded area.The pump and filtration units should be protected from the elements, often with a dedicated cover or housing.